Measurements

[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” equal_height_columns=”yes” hide_on_mobile=”no” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” overlay_opacity=”0.5″ border_size=”0px” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”0″ margin_bottom=”20″ padding_top=”0px” padding_right=”0px” padding_bottom=”0px” padding_left=”0px”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_3″ spacing=”0%” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”none” hide_on_mobile=”no” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_size=”1″ border_color=”#3333333″ border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding=”0px 40px 0px 0px” margin_top=”0px” margin_bottom=”0px” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.1″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text]

MEASUREMENTS

[/fusion_text][fusion_separator style_type=”single solid” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sep_color=”#000000″ top_margin=”0px” bottom_margin=”45px” border_size=”2″ width=”10%” alignment=”center” /][fusion_text]

The group on geochemistry of atmospheric aerosols operates a network of monitoring stations
for long term and intensive measurements (online/offline) of atmospheric aerosols
and gaseous precursors.

The sites integrating the network are equipped with a similar set of instruments.
Type of instruments varies in accordance to the research objectives at each site.

[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” equal_height_columns=”no” hide_on_mobile=”no” background_color=”#ffffff” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” overlay_opacity=”0.5″ border_size=”0″ border_color=”#e2e2e2″ border_style=”solid” padding_top=”20px” padding_bottom=”45px”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ background_position=”left top” background_color=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” spacing=”yes” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” padding=”” margin_top=”0px” margin_bottom=”0px” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_direction=”left” hide_on_mobile=”no” center_content=”no” min_height=”none” last=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” border_position=”all”][fusion_text]

Measurements online

(MSA – Montsec : MSY – Montseny : BCN – Barcelona. Click the instrument name for more info)

[/fusion_text][fusion_separator style_type=”single solid” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sep_color=”#000000″ top_margin=”0px” bottom_margin=”45px” border_size=”1″ width=”10%” alignment=”center” /][fusion_text]

Aerosols

[/fusion_text][fusion_content_boxes layout=”clean-vertical” columns=”3″ title_color=”#a0ce4e” backgroundcolor=”#f41a1a” icon_size=”21″ icon_align=”left” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.1″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”content_elements”][fusion_content_box title=”PMx levels” backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″][fusion_modal_text_link name=”grimm” class=”instrument” id=””]GRIMM 180/1107/1108[/fusion_modal_text_link]

30′

[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table][/fusion_content_box][fusion_content_box title=”N # cm-3″ backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″][fusion_modal_text_link name=”cpc” class=”instrument” id=””]CPC 3772 / 3776 / 3787[/fusion_modal_text_link]

5′

[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table][/fusion_content_box][fusion_content_box title=”Size resolved N ” backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″]

[fusion_modal_text_link name=”smps” class=”instrument” id=””]SMPS (Ift / TSI)[/fusion_modal_text_link]

5′

[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table]

[/fusion_content_box][/fusion_content_boxes][fusion_content_boxes layout=”clean-vertical” columns=”3″ title_color=”#a0ce4e” backgroundcolor=”#f41a1a” icon_size=”21″ icon_align=”left” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.1″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”content_elements”][fusion_content_box title=”Absorption coefficient” backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″][fusion_modal_text_link name=”maap” class=”instrument” id=””]MAAP Caruso Thermo[/fusion_modal_text_link]

1′

[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table][/fusion_content_box][fusion_content_box title=”Absorption coefficient” backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″][fusion_modal_text_link name=”ae33″ class=”instrument” id=””]AE33 Magee Aerosol doo[/fusion_modal_text_link]

1′

[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table][/fusion_content_box][fusion_content_box title=”Scattering coefficient ” backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″][fusion_modal_text_link name=”aurora” class=”instrument” id=””]Nephelometer Aurora 3000[/fusion_modal_text_link]

1′

[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table][/fusion_content_box][/fusion_content_boxes][fusion_content_boxes layout=”clean-vertical” columns=”3″ title_color=”#a0ce4e” backgroundcolor=”#f41a1a” icon_size=”21″ icon_align=”left” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.1″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”content_elements”][fusion_content_box title=”PM1 SO42-” backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″]

[fusion_modal_text_link name=”acsm” class=”instrument” id=””]ACSM -Aerodyne[/fusion_modal_text_link]

30′

[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table]

[/fusion_content_box][fusion_content_box title=”PM1 NO3-” backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″][fusion_modal_text_link name=”acsm” class=”instrument” id=””]ACSM -Aerodyne[/fusion_modal_text_link]

30′

[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table][/fusion_content_box][fusion_content_box title=”PM1 NH4+” backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″][fusion_modal_text_link name=”acsm” class=”instrument” id=””]ACSM -Aerodyne[/fusion_modal_text_link]

30′

[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table][/fusion_content_box][/fusion_content_boxes][fusion_content_boxes layout=”clean-vertical” columns=”2″ title_color=”#a0ce4e” backgroundcolor=”#f41a1a” icon_size=”21″ icon_align=”left” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.1″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”content_elements”][fusion_content_box title=”PM1 Cl-” backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″][fusion_modal_text_link name=”acsm” class=”instrument” id=””]ACSM -Aerodyne[/fusion_modal_text_link]

30′

[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table][/fusion_content_box][fusion_content_box title=”PM1 Organics ” backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″][fusion_modal_text_link name=”acsm” class=”instrument” id=””]ACSM -Aerodyne[/fusion_modal_text_link]

30′

[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table][/fusion_content_box][/fusion_content_boxes][fusion_text]

Columnar measurements

[/fusion_text][fusion_content_boxes layout=”clean-vertical” columns=”2″ title_color=”#a0ce4e” backgroundcolor=”#f41a1a” icon_size=”21″ icon_align=”left” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.1″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”content_elements”][fusion_content_box title=”Vertical profiles of aerosol backscatter coefficients” backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″]

[fusion_modal_text_link name=”ceilometer” class=”instrument” id=””]

Ceilometer CHM15K-Nimbus-JENOPTIC [/fusion_modal_text_link]
[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table]

[/fusion_content_box][fusion_content_box title=”Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)” backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″]

[fusion_modal_text_link name=”sunphoto” class=”instrument” id=””]

Sun photometer CIMEL CE-318 (UB)[/fusion_modal_text_link]
[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table]

[/fusion_content_box][/fusion_content_boxes][fusion_text]

Gaseous compounds

[/fusion_text][fusion_content_boxes layout=”clean-vertical” columns=”3″ title_color=”#a0ce4e” backgroundcolor=”#f41a1a” icon_size=”21″ icon_align=”left” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.1″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”content_elements”][fusion_content_box title=”NOx” backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″]

[fusion_modal_text_link name=”chemil” class=”instrument” id=””]

Model 42i-TL Chemiluminiscence

[/fusion_modal_text_link]
[fusion_table]

[fusion_table]

[/fusion_content_box][fusion_content_box title=”CO” backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″]

[fusion_modal_text_link name=”teledyne” class=”instrument” id=””]
Teledyne 300 EU Gas filter correlation

[/fusion_modal_text_link]
[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table]

[/fusion_content_box][fusion_content_box title=”SO2″ backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″]

[fusion_modal_text_link name=”teledyne” class=”instrument” id=””]
Teledyne 100 EU UV fluorescence

[/fusion_modal_text_link]
[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table]

[/fusion_content_box][/fusion_content_boxes][fusion_content_boxes layout=”clean-vertical” columns=”2″ title_color=”#a0ce4e” backgroundcolor=”#f41a1a” icon_size=”21″ icon_align=”left” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.1″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”content_elements”][fusion_content_box title=”O3″ backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″]

[fusion_modal_text_link name=”mcv” class=”instrument” id=””]
MCV 48AV UV photometry

[/fusion_modal_text_link]
[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table]

[/fusion_content_box][fusion_content_box title=”CO2 / CH4″ backgroundcolor=”#f6f6f6″ iconspin=”no” iconcolor=”#549f97″ circlecolor=”#ffffff” circlebordercolor=”#ffffff” image_width=”35″ image_height=”35″ link_target=”_self” animation_direction=”down” animation_speed=”0.1″]

[fusion_modal_text_link name=”desconocido” class=”instrument” id=””]To be installed

[/fusion_modal_text_link]
[fusion_table]

[/fusion_table]

[/fusion_content_box][/fusion_content_boxes][fusion_text]

Meteo

[/fusion_text][fusion_text]At each station we measure Temperature, Precipitation, Humidity, Wind direction, Wind speed and Trajectories.[fusion_checklist icon=”” iconcolor=”” circle=”” circlecolor=”” size=”13px” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””][fusion_li_item]

In MSA parameters are recorded by a meteorological tower, located at the Montsec observatory and belonging to the Catalan Meteorological Service (METEOCAT).

[/fusion_li_item][fusion_li_item]

In MSY parameters are recorded by the IDAEA since 2008

[/fusion_li_item][fusion_li_item]

In BCN parameters are recorded by a Faculty of Physics of the University of Barcelona.

[/fusion_li_item][/fusion_checklist][/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” equal_height_columns=”no” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” background_color=”#f6f6f6″ background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” overlay_opacity=”0.5″ border_style=”solid” padding_top=”20px” padding_bottom=”20px”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text]

Measurements offline

[/fusion_text][fusion_separator style_type=”single solid” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sep_color=”#000000″ top_margin=”0px” bottom_margin=”45px” border_size=”1″ width=”10%” alignment=”center” /][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_2″ layout=”1_2″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_imageframe image_id=”13185″ style_type=”none” hover_type=”none” align=”none” lightbox=”no” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″]https://www.idaea.csic.es/egar/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/MCV-768×1024.jpg[/fusion_imageframe][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_2″ layout=”1_2″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no” element_content=””][fusion_text]

Sampling

PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 samples are collected on quartz filters by sequential High volume samplers MCV (CAV/A MCV, 30 m³ h^-1) and DIGITEL (DHA 80, 30 m³ h^-1). Both fractions are simultaneously sampled, at a ratio of 1 24 h filter every 3 days. The sampling schedule is similar at the three sites. This sampling strategy accounts for 90 filters sampled per each PM fraction at each site per year. Since 2011 sampling is performed simultaneously at the three sites.

[/fusion_text][fusion_text]

			Starting year
PM fraction	Hi VOL sampler	Time	MSA	MSY	BCN
PM10 speciation	MCV / DIGITEL DH80	24 h	2005*	2002***	2002
PM2.5 speciation	MCV / DIGITEL DH80	24 h	—	2002	2002
PM1 speciation	MCV / DIGITEL DH80	24 h	2010	2009	2009

[/fusion_text][fusion_text]In addition, at MONTSENY, PM10 and PM2.5 samples are collected on quartz filters by sequential low volume samplers  [fusion_modal_text_link name=”partisol” class=”” id=””]Partisol [/fusion_modal_text_link](2025, 1 m³ h^-1), equipped with denuders for artifact-free OC/EC determinations following EUSAAR protocols. Both fractions are simultaneously sampled, at a ratio of 1 24 h filter out of 3 days.

PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 levels are determined gravimetrically by weighing the filters before and after sampling.

[fusion_separator style_type=”none” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” sep_color=”” top_margin=”” bottom_margin=”50px” border_size=”” icon=”” icon_circle=”” icon_circle_color=”” width=”” alignment=”center”][/fusion_separator]

Chemical analysis

Levels of major and trace elements are determined for each filter following the methodology devised by the research group. This method summarized in the table below permits to determine the concentrations in ambient air of more than 70 elements.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding=”20px 0px 0px 0px” margin_top=”30px” margin_bottom=”30px” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_table]PM spectiation: PM chemical componets determined at the PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 fitlers collected at each site

[/fusion_table][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” equal_height_columns=”no” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” overlay_opacity=”0.5″ border_style=”solid” padding_top=”0px” padding_bottom=”0px”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_modal name=”grimm” title=”GRIMM OPC” size=”large” border_color=”#747474″ show_footer=”no”]

[fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” padding=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” type=”1_2″][fusion_imageframe image_id=”13200″ style_type=”none” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”none” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”none” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” alt=”GRIMM OPC” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https://www.idaea.csic.es/egar/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/GRIMM.jpg[/fusion_imageframe][/fusion_builder_column_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” padding=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” type=”1_2″][fusion_text]

These instruments permit to measure levels of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 on hourly basis. LINK – We are suing different models:[fusion_checklist icon=”fa-check” iconcolor=”” circle=”” circlecolor=”” size=”13px” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””][fusion_li_item]

GRIMM 1107 / 1108: this instruments are used in field campaigns and installed in MSA  since November 2005

[/fusion_li_item][fusion_li_item]

GRIMM 180: at MSY and BCN sites. The instrument at MSY was was modified for measuring size distribution at 32 channels from 300 nm

[/fusion_li_item][fusion_li_item]GRIMM 1129 Sky-OPC: this instrument is installed at MSA; it permits measuring the size distribution distribution at 32 channels from 300 nm[/fusion_li_item][/fusion_checklist]

Since 2011 we are using a GRIMM 180 in MSY. In 2015 this instrument was modified for measuring size distribution at 32 channels from 300 nm.

[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column_inner][/fusion_builder_row_inner]

[/fusion_modal][fusion_modal name=”cpc” title=”CONDENSATION PARTICLE COUNTER” size=”large” border_color=”#747474″ show_footer=”no”]

Condensation particle counters are used to monitor in real time the number concentration of fine and ultra-fine particles. Ultra-fine particles are those of less than 0.1 µm in diameter whereas the fine particles include those of less than 1.0 µm.  Concentrations of number of particles are generally expressed in number per cubic centimeter (cm-3).

[fusion_imageframe image_id=”13209″ style_type=”none” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”none” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”left” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https://www.idaea.csic.es/egar/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/cpc3776.jpg[/fusion_imageframe]TSI’s Model 3776 (range 5-800 nm)provides the concentration of number concentration above 2.5 nm. The instrument gives a fast response to concentration changes. Under concentrations of 300.000 cm-3 the instrument is counting particles individually (installed at MSA and MSY)

[fusion_imageframe image_id=”13210″ style_type=”none” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”none” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”right” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https://www.idaea.csic.es/egar/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/3787-218×300.jpg[/fusion_imageframe]

TSI’s Model 3787 (range 5-800nm). General Purpose Water-based Condensation Particle Counter (GP-WCPC) can detect airborne particles down to 5 nm in diameter using state-of-the-art, water-based condensation particle counting technology. With a high sample flow rate of 0.6 LPM, the versatile Model 3787 is a good choice for low concentration measurements, yet it is also capable of measuring up to 250,000 particles/cm³ using exclusively single particle counting.(installed at BCN , previously with a 3785 TSI WCPC)

[fusion_separator style_type=”none” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” sep_color=”” top_margin=”” bottom_margin=”100px” border_size=”” icon=”” icon_circle=”” icon_circle_color=”” width=”5%” alignment=”center”][/fusion_separator]

[/fusion_modal][fusion_modal name=”smps” title=”Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer ” size=”large” border_color=”#747474″ show_footer=”no”]

Scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPS) are used to monitor in real time the number concentration and size distribution of fine and ultra-fine particles. These systems are made up of two main parts: an electrostatic classifier and a particle counter. Usually the electrostatic classifier is a Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA), a device which permits classify the aerosols in function of its electrical mobility (~size) by applying controlled electric fields. As a result, polydisperse aerosol is entering into the DMA and a monodisperse aerosol is created. The monodisperse aerosol is driven to a CPC. All these parameters (flows, voltages) are controlled by a central unit. Because the size selection is done in function of the electrical mobility, particles must be charged uniformly. This is possible because before reaching the particles the DMA, the pass throughout a neutralizer, usually a weak source of Kr-85 (radiactive). In the case of Spain this implies a number of time-consuming authorizations and permissions from the Nuclear Safety Council.

As for the CPCs, there are a number of commercial and non-commercial DMAs and control units. In our group we have 2 SMPS systems, both running continuously, one TSI 3936L72-N (range 10-400nm)at the urban background site of BARCELONA-CSIC, and the other one TROPOS Leipzig IfT (range 10-800nm)at the regional background site of MONTSENY-LA CASTANYA. Both systems are connected to CPC3772.

[/fusion_modal][fusion_modal name=”maap” title=”Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer ” size=”large” border_color=”#747474″ show_footer=”no”]

[fusion_imageframe image_id=”13216″ style_type=”none” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”none” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”right” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https://www.idaea.csic.es/egar/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/maap.jpg[/fusion_imageframe]

This instrument (www.thermoscientific.com) provides real-time measurements (1 minute resolution) of the absorption coefficient expressed as mass concentration of black carbon (BC, µg or ng m-3) in ambient air. The method is based, on the collection of airborne particles on a filter and the optical analysis of the particles deposited. Black carbon is determined by dividing absorption coefficients (σap) by an experimentally determined value, the mass absorption cross-section (MAC, 6.6m2 g−1, Petzold and Schönlinner, 2004). Measurements of absorption coefficients are of great interest because the absorption of radiation by BC particles influences the Earth’s radiative balance.

In this instrument both multiple scattering and filter reflection are taken into account (Petzold et al., 2005). The disadvantage is that absorption is measured at a single wavelength (637 nm) and does not allow distinguishing between different BC sources (fossil or biogenic). Research carried out in our group has demonstrated that the MAC value depends on the origin of air masses and a MAC value of 10.4 m2 g−1 was determined at Montseny, (Pandolfi et al., 2011).

Our group has currently 4 MAAP, 3 measuring continuously at the Barcelona, Montseny and Montsec monitoring sites and one available at a Mobile Laboratory.

[/fusion_modal][fusion_modal name=”ae33″ title=”Aethalometer ” size=”large” border_color=”#747474″ show_footer=”no”]

[fusion_imageframe image_id=”13218″ style_type=”none” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”none” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”right” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https://www.idaea.csic.es/egar/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ae33-150×150.jpg[/fusion_imageframe]

The Aethalometer is an instrument that uses optical analysis to determine the mass concentration of black carbon particles (BC) collected from an air stream passing through a filter.

Our group has currently one Aethalometer (A33) measuring continuously at at each site. This instrument allows the determination of absorption coefficients in 7 wavelengths, from 370 nm (UV) to 950 nm (IR). This measurement permits to identify the contribution of different BC sources (biomass combustion, fuel combustion).

The variability of absorption coefficients with wavelength depend on the particle microphysical properties. The Aethalometer data allow the calculation of the Angstrom absorption coefficient, which depends on physical and chemical properties of the absorbing particles, and allows detecting pollution episodes derived from fossil fuel or biomass burning (Rizzo et al., 2011).

Aethalometer data must be corrected to account for artifacts derived from interaction with the filter. Some correction schemas are already available (Virkkula et al., 2007).

[/fusion_modal][fusion_modal name=”nephe” title=”Nephelometer” size=”large” border_color=”#747474″ show_footer=”no”]

[fusion_imageframe image_id=”13219″ style_type=”none” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”none” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”left” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https://www.idaea.csic.es/egar/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/nephe-300×151.jpg[/fusion_imageframe]

Aerosols in the atmosphere influence the radiative balance through direct scattering of solar radiation and indirect effects in the formation of clouds and precipitation. The measurement of back and total scattering from aerosols provide in depth analysis of their optical properties and their effect on the global energy balance.

The nephelometer allows continuous measurements (1 minute resolution) of aerosol scattering and backscattering coefficients. Our group has currently two nephelometers (AURORA 3000, Ecotech, www.ecotech.com.au/particulates-categories/nephelometer) working continuously at the Montseny and Montsec monitoring sites. Data are corrected following Müller et al. (2011).

Nephelometer data allow the calculation of the Angstrom scattering coefficient, which describes the dependence of the scattering coefficient with wavelength. It depends mainly of the particle size (Schuster et al., 2006; Pandolfi et al., 2011).

Scattering and backscattering data allow also the calculation of the aerosol asymmetry parameter, which is a function of the angular distribution of radiation diffused by aerosols. This is a very useful parameter to calculate the radiative forcing of the aerosols studied (Wiscombe and Grams, 1976; Haltrin, 2002; Andrews et al., 2006).

[/fusion_modal][fusion_modal name=”acsm” title=”Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor ” size=”large” border_color=”#747474″ show_footer=”no”]

[fusion_imageframe image_id=”13221″ style_type=”none” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”none” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”right” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https://www.idaea.csic.es/egar/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ACSM-225×300.jpg[/fusion_imageframe]

The Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM, Aerodyne Research Inc.,) provides real-time measurements of the chemical composition and mass concentrations of non-refractory species in submicron aerosol particles. This instrument is designed for long term measurements for monitoring applications, providing information of concentrations of particulate ammonium, nitrate, sulfate, chloride, and organic species. Moreover, analysis of the ACSM mass spectra with multivariate mathematical techniques (PMF) permits to obtain information about key classes of aerosol organic species including HOA (Hydrogenated organic Aerosol), which is often linked to vehicle emissions and OOA (Oxygenated organic aerosol), which mostly corresponds to secondary organic aerosol species.

The ACSM is derived from the research grade Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS). But it is designed to be simpler, smaller, lower cost and capable of autonomous operation, while still capable of delivering data with a time resolution of 1 hour.

One of the first ACSM instruments was successfully deployed at the Montseny site during the DAURE field campaign. The ACSM measurements obtained during this field campaign were in good agreement with data obtained by collocated instruments.

The performance and suitability of the ACSM will be assessed within the ACTRIS FP7 project at different sites including Montseny. The data will be compared with data obtained by other techniques at the same sites (such as MARGA technique, aerosol mass spectrometers, or off-line filter samples). Existing multivariate mathematical techniques will be applied to the data in order to check if these can also be applied successfully to the ACSM data at these highly diverse sites.

[/fusion_modal][fusion_modal name=”ceilometer” title=”Ceilometer Jenoptik Nimbus CH15″ size=”large” border_color=”#747474″ show_footer=”no”]

[fusion_imageframe image_id=”13222″ style_type=”none” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”none” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”left” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https://www.idaea.csic.es/egar/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/chm15k.jpg[/fusion_imageframe]The CHM 15k ceilometer is a robust, autonomous and low power lidar for measuring vertical profiles of backscatter signal from aerosol particles and hydrometeors. From the backscatter profiles cloud base heights and signal penetration depths, aerosol layer heights and vertical visibility are determined. Within its operating range up to 15 kilometers (50,000 feet), the CHM 15k reliably detects multiple cloud layers and cirrus clouds.

[fusion_separator style_type=”none” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” sep_color=”” top_margin=”100px” bottom_margin=”100px” border_size=”” icon=”” icon_circle=”” icon_circle_color=”” width=”10%” alignment=”center”][/fusion_separator]

[/fusion_modal][fusion_modal name=”sunphoto” title=”Sun photometer CIMEL CE-318 (UB)” size=”large” border_color=”#747474″ show_footer=”no”]

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements. It is operated by the Group of meteorology from the University of Barcelona and in operation since 2010. This instrument forms part of the AERONET and RIMA networks. Data are automatically sent to AERONET.

[/fusion_modal][fusion_modal name=”chemil” title=” Model 42i-TL Chemiluminiscence” size=”large” border_color=”#747474″ show_footer=”no” /][fusion_modal name=”teledyne” title=” Teledyne 300 EU Gas filter correlation and 100 EU UV fluorescence” size=”large” border_color=”#747474″ show_footer=”no” /][fusion_modal name=”mcv” title=” MCV 48AV UV photometry” size=”large” border_color=”#747474″ show_footer=”no” /][fusion_modal name=”desconocido” title=”?” size=”large” border_color=”#747474″ show_footer=”no” /][fusion_modal name=”partisol” title=”Partisol, sequential low volume sampler” size=”large” border_color=”#747474″ show_footer=”no”]

The sequential low volume sampler Partisol (2025, 1 m³ h^-1), is equipped with denuders for artifact-free OC/EC determinations following EUSAAR protocols. Both fractions (PM2.5 and PM10) are simultaneously sampled, at a ratio of 1 24 h filter out of 3 days.

[/fusion_modal][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]